Computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they mature and become sophisticated, humans will benefit from their increased sophistication, according to Leonard Kleinrock, one of the principal scientists of the first Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), which helped launch the Internet, in 1969.

The development of computer utilities, which will service individual homes and offices across the nation like the current electric and telephone utilities, is likely to occur. In the 21st century, the entire computing industry will undergo a massive transformation, and computing services will be readily available on demand, just like other utility services like water, electricity, telephone, and gas are in today's society. This vision of computing utilities based on a service-provisioning model anticipated this massive transformation.